Evidence for two predominant viral lineages,recombination and subpopulation structure in begomoviruses associated with yellow vein mosaic disease of okra in India

Yellow vein mosaic disease (YVMD) caused by whitefly‐transmitted begomoviruses is an economically significant viral disease of okra. In this study, a survey of begomoviruses associated with YVMD was carried out in eight states and two union territories of India. A total of 92 full‐length DNA‐A components were sequenced and characterized. Sequence comparisons and population structure analysis revealed the existence of four begomovirus species. Two novel species were detected with several recombinationally derived genome fragments that probably originated from begomoviruses known to infect malvaceous and non‐malvaceous hosts. Among the four species, Bhendi yellow vein Maharastra virus (BYVMaV) and Bhendi yellow vein Madurai virus (BYVMV) were found to be predominant in okra, with BYVMV having a pan‐India distribution. There was evidence for a high degree of genetic variability and subpopulation structure within these four species. Neutrality tests suggested the occurrence of purifying selection acting upon these populations. The results of the current study have uncovered the diversity and genetic structure of okra‐infecting begomoviruses in India and generated potentially useful information for developing management strategies for YVMD.     

甘肃中部及周边地区小麦条锈菌种群的遗传结构分析

为明确甘肃中部与周边地区小麦条锈菌种群的遗传结构及关系,利用SSR分子标记技术对采自甘肃、陕南、青海及新疆等7个地区共369份小麦条锈病菌标样的群体遗传结构进行了分析。结果表明,小麦条锈菌群体Nei’s基因多样性指数为0.39、Shannon信息指数为0.57,各地区条锈菌群体遗传多样性较为丰富,且在不同地区之间存在明显差异,7个条锈菌群体中以天水种群的遗传多样性相对较高,其Nei’s基因多样性指数为0.42、Shannon信息指数为0.61。该地区小麦条锈菌群体间和群体内都存在着一定的遗传分化,群体间遗传变异占总变异的2.24%,群体内遗传变异占总变异的97.76%。表明甘肃中部及周边地区小麦条锈菌群体存在一定的遗传分化,但遗传变异主要发生在群体内部;甘肃中部、陇南及陕南3地的小麦条锈菌种群遗传相似度较高,菌源交流密切。     

鹤对生境变化的适应性选择及其生境的恢复与重建

鹤是湿地生态的重要指示物种。黄河三角洲生境多样性资源为鹤类栖息提供了优良的生态环境。但由于黄河三角洲湿地生态系统本身具有脆弱性、不稳定性、易变性的生态特点,在自然因素和人为因素的作用下,鹤类栖息生境常发生剧烈变化。本文从较长的时空尺度阐述了鹤对生境变化的适应性选择,介绍在生境退化、生态恶化区域实施的生境恢复与重建工作。     

长期施肥对南方黄泥田土壤磷吸附与解吸的影响

在连续施肥26年南方黄泥田上进行土壤磷的吸附一解吸特征试验.结果表明,不同施肥处理土壤磷的等温吸附曲线与Langmuir方程拟合性较好(P＜0.01).与单施化肥相比,化肥与牛粪或化肥与秸秆长期配施能降低土壤磷吸附亲合力常数(K)、吸附缓冲容量(MBC),提高土壤磷吸附饱和度(DPS);但土壤P最大吸附量(Xm)二者表...     

“沟栽降温保湿法”定植防控番茄黄化曲叶病毒病的研究初报

近几年,我国夏季番茄生产中黄化曲叶病毒病为害日趋严重,北方地区由于夏季极端高温天数不断增多,导致夏秋番茄黄化曲叶病毒病的发病规模迅速扩大,严重为害夏秋淡季番茄的生产。目前该病害尚无有效的根治措施,只能是预防为主。以夏秋茬大棚番茄为试材,采用对比设计,设沟栽降温保湿法（简称为＂沟栽法＂）定植和平畦定植（CK）2种处理方式,研究了沟栽法定植对番茄黄化曲叶病毒病的防控效果。结果表明：当温室大棚内平均最高温度为33～36℃时,利用＂沟栽法＂定植可使沟内番茄根际5～25 cm地温稳定在28℃以下,较平畦栽植平均降低3.1℃;沟内土壤相对湿度60%～80%时,5 cm地温均可降至28℃以下,降温效果明显。同时,随着根际土壤温度的降低,番茄黄化曲叶病毒病的发生率极显著降低（仅为8.2%）,较平畦栽植降幅达89.62%,差异达极显著水平;病情指数降低了27.36%,差异达显著水平。＂沟栽降温保湿法＂定植能够有效防控番茄黄化曲叶病毒病的发生。在番茄生产上,采取＂沟栽降温保湿法＂定植可以作为防控番茄黄化曲叶病毒病的关键技术。     

宁夏六盘山区黄牛杂交改良群体GHR基因多态性分析（摘要）

[目的]对宁夏六盘山区黄牛杂交改良群体生长激素受体（GHR）基因的多态性进行分析,为宁夏黄牛杂交改良选育提供理论参考。[方法]采用聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性方法（PCR-RFLP）,对该群体70个个体的GHR基因多态性进行检测。[结果]扩增出338bp的目的片段,PCR产物被限制性内切酶AluI消化后表现出多态性,其中AA基因型频率为75.71%;BB基因型频率为24.29%。[结论]共检测到AA和BB2种基因型,六盘山区黄牛杂交改良群体GHR基因具有多态性。     

黄浆水对酸菜腌制过程中品质变化的研究

为了探讨添加黄浆水对酸菜腌制过程中酸菜品质的影响,以经过培养基活化的乳酸菌粉为发酵剂,分别加入10%、20%、30%灭菌冷却后的黄浆水作为发酵辅料,进行酸菜发酵,同时做对照试验。实验结果表明：添加30%黄浆水发酵,酸菜18 d成熟,比对照组提前6 d达到可食用酸度,其pH为3.5,可滴定酸度为1.7%,亚硝酸盐含量18...     

Nonphytate Phosphorus Requirement and Efficacy of a Genetically Engineered Yeast Phytase for Yellow Broilers at 22- to 42-d-Old Age

An experiment was conducted to investigate the requirement of nonphytate phosphorus (OP) and efficacy of a genetically engineered yeast phytase (PHY A) for Lingnan yellow broilers from 22- to 42-d-old age. A total of 1320 1 -d-old male chicks were randomly divided into 11 dietary treatment groups, which consisted of 4 replicate floor pens with 30 birds per pen.The control group (treatment 1) was fed with basal diet of nPP 0.08% without dicalcium phosphate or phytase supplementation. Dietary levels of nPP were 0.16, 0.24, 0.32, 0.40, 0.48, and 0.56%, respectively, for treatments 2 to 7,through addition of dicalcium phosphate (chemistry grade) to the basal diet. Diets of treatments 8 to 11 were supplemented with PHY A at 200, 400 and 600 U kg-t, a commercial phytase product (PHY B) at 400 U kg-1 level, respectively. The birds in 0.32-0.56% nPP groups gained more than those of the other groups (P<0.05). The nPP supplementation significantly improved feed intake (P<0.05). The feed gain ratio was significantly decreased by 0.40% nPP diet compared to the control birds (P<0.05). The level of 0.48% nPP was required for optimum tibia development. The additions of PHY A at 400 and 600 U kg-1 level and PHY B all significantly improved ADG (P<0.05), ADFI (P<0.05), and dry defatted tibia weight (P<0.05).Similarly, the percentage of tibia ash was increased by 600 U kg-1 PHY A supplementation (P<0.05). The requirement of nPP for maximal ADG and highest percentage tibia ash both was 0.40%. The phosphorus equivalency value of PHY A was estimated as 685 U kg-1 for male yellow broilers of 22- to 42-d-old age.     

一个豇豆上的番茄黄化曲叶病毒分离物的分子鉴定及其基因组全序列

2008年秋,在上海郊区大棚栽培的豇豆上发现一种叶片褪绿和黄化病害症状。通过PCR从感病的植株叶片中扩增出番茄黄化曲叶病毒的全序列。序列比较及系统进化分析表明,这种病毒是菜豆金色黄花叶病毒属成员之一的TomatoYellwLeafCurlVirMs—Israel（TYLCV-IL）。基因组是由2781个核苷酸组成的环状单链DNA,具有典型的旧世界单组分菜豆金色黄花叶病毒属病毒的特征,有6个开放阅读框,V2和V1（外壳蛋白基因）在病毒链上,而C3、C2、C1和C4在互补链上。这是国内番茄黄化曲叶病毒侵染豇豆的首次报道。